The research behind the novel

Primary sources

The first place to start with convict history is Fremantle Prison’s convict database: an A-Z listing of all the convicts transported to Western Australia from 1850 to 1868.

You’ll find Edwin listed under S, convict number 6101.

Miscellaneous sources:

Registries of Births, Deaths and Marriages Western Australia, South Australia, England and Scotland

UK Census records

Western Australia’s newspapers –  available via Trove or microfilm at the Battye Library, Western Australia

UK newspapers – The Times,  The Scotsman, The Daily Courant, The Lichfield Mercury

Landgate, Western Australia

Outward passenger lists to Adelaide from WA 1880-1890, SLSA 8027 7250

Extracts from registers of vessels (arrivals and departures) Port Adelaide January – June 1886, National Archives of Australia

Crawford, W. (1862). The surgeon’s daily log, convict ship Lincelles. Western Australia: Battye Library.

Gregg, J. (1862).[Diary]. Perth, Western Australia: Battye Library.

Sisters of Mercy. (1875). List of children admitted by Government. [Ledger book entry 103: Catherine Salt]. Sisters of Mercy Archives, Perth, Western Australia

State Records Office of Western Australia:

Perth Police Court charge books: AN17/ACC 1386

Superintendent’s Orders, Fremantle Prison 1850-1864: ACC 1156 SO1-13

Colonial Secretary’s Office correspondence: ACC51 Vol 5

Prisoners’ property book: ACC 1536/14

Various correspondence, 1875: CSR Vol 791/232

National Archives, Kew, London:

Customs and Excise Department: CUST 47, CUST 116

Home Office: HO8/147; HO8/149; HO12/125/39772; HO13/106; HO22/12; HO25/8

National Records of Scotland:

Crown Office precognitions AD14/60/269

Papers relating to the trial of Edwin Thomas Salt JC26/1860/277

Remissions JC8/66/67

Edinburgh Prison Letter Book: HH/12/13

Lichfield Records Office:

Plan of St Michael’s Parish 1849

Her Majesty’s report on Lichfield minors’ school, 1860 D30/12/64

Records relating to the Cross Keys Inn, 368/128

Lichfield St Mary tithe award book 1850, B/A/562

Slaters Directory of Staffordshire 1850

Post Office Directory of Staffordshire 1860

Select bibliography

Ayris, C. (1995). Fremantle Prison: A brief history. West Perth, Cyril Ayris Freelance.  

Barker, D. (2000). Warders and gaolers: A dictionary of Western Australian prison officers. Western Australia, Battye Library.

Bavin, L. (1994). The punishment administered: archaeology and penal institutions in the Swan River Colony. (Doctor of Philosophy), University of Western Australia.

Bosworth, M. (2004). Convict Fremantle: A place of promise and punishment. Crawley,  University of Western Australia Press.

Brown, P. (1997). The life of a maritime community: A social history of Fremantle 1900-1939. (Doctor of Philosophy), University of Western Australia.

Building Management Authority of Western Australia. (1992). Fremantle Prison, conservation and future use. West Perth, Western Australia.

Cameron, J. (1983). Prisons and punishment in Scotland from the middle ages to the present. Edinburgh, Canongate.

Clayton, H. (u.d) Coaching city. North Wales, Dragon Books.

Dickinson, J. H. (1959). Early Prisons in Perth and Fremantle. (Thesis), Claremont Teachers’ College, Western Australia.

Drummond, S. (2015). Exiles and island wives: History, fiction and the Breaksea Islanders. (Doctor of Philosophy), Murdoch University, Western Australia.

Edgar, W. (2014). The convict era in Western Australia: its economic, social and political consequences. (Doctor of Philosophy), Murdoch University, Western Australia.

Elliot, I. (1978). Moondyne Joe: The man and the myth. Nedlands, Australia: University of Western Australia Press.

Erickson, R. (1983). The brand on his coat. Biographies of some Western Australian convicts. Nedlands, Australia: University of Western Australia Press.

Erickson, R. (1985). The dictionary of Western Australians 1829–1914, Vol 4 Part 2, L-Z. Nedlands, Australia: University of Western Australia Press.

Erickson, R. (1988). The bicentennial dictionary of Western Australians pre-1829–1888, Vol 4, R-Z. Nedlands, Australia: University of Western Australia Press.

Erickson, R. & O’Mara, G. (1994). The dictionary of Western Australians Volume IX convicts in Western Australia 1850-1887. Nedlands, Australia: University of Western Australia Press.

Gallagher, J.P. (2006). Trades of a city: Lichfield shops and residents from 1850. Lichfield Press.

Gerhold, D. (Ed). (1996). Road transport in the horse drawn era. From Studies in Transport History. Scolar Press.

Gertzel, C. (1949). The convict system in Western Australia, 1850-1870. (Honours), University of Western Australia.

Grono, W. (1988). Margins: A west coast selection 1829-1988. Fremantle, Australia: Fremantle Arts Centre Press.

Hopkins, E. (1998). The rise of the manufacturing town: Birmingham and the industrial revolution. Stroud, Sutton Publishing.

Hutton, W. (1783). An history of Birmingham. Project Gutenberg.

Kellett, J. (1969). The impact of the railways in Victorian cities. Routledge.

Kershen, A. (1995). Uniting the tailors: trade unionism amongst the tailoring workers of London and Leeds 1870-1939. London, Cass & Co.

Landor, E.W. (1847). The bushman: life in a new country. Project Gutenberg.

Mccreery, E, Finkelstein, D and Bromage, S. (2006). Paper making on the Waters of Leith. John Donald.

Marks, B.  (1997). South to Silly Town. Fremantle, Fremantle Arts Centre Press.

Millett, P. (2003). “[A] mild but firm system of discipline”: British convicts and their punishment in Western Australia 1850-1885. (Doctor of Philosophy), University of Western Australia. 

Parker, F. (2006). The Road to York. York, Parker Print.

Priestley, P. (1985). Victorian prison lives: English prison biography 1830-1914. London, Methuen.

Richardson, R. (2001). Death, dissection and the destitute (2nd ed.). Phoenix Press, London.

Robb, G. (1992). White collar crime in modern England: financial fraud and business morality 1845-1929. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. 

Smith, G. (1980). Something to declare: 100 years of Customs and Excise. London, Harrap.

Straw, L. (2013). Drunks, pests and harlots: Criminal women in Perth and Fremantle, 1900-1939. Kilkerran, Scotland: Humming Earth.

Straw, L. (2016). Outcast women: Crime, gender and the politics of respectability in Fremantle, 1900-1939. Studies in Western Australian History, 31, 81-93.

Tout-Smith, D. (1998). Foundations of Fremantle: Exploring the early history of Western Australia’s port city. Perth, Western Australian Museum.

Tull, M. A. (1997). Community enterprise: The history of the port of Fremantle 1897-1997. Research in Maritime History 12. Canada, International Maritime Economic History Association.

Upton, C. (2001) A History of Lichfield. West Sussex, Phillimore & Co.

Watson, P, Palassis, K and Worthington, M. (1984). Old Police Station, York. National Trust of Australia (WA).

Wignall, C. (1983). Complete British railways maps & gazetteer from 1830-1981. Oxford Publishing Company.